India's Longest Serving Chief Ministers: Icons of Leadership and Legacy

Pawan Kumar Chamling (Sikkim)

Tenure: December 12, 1994 - May 27, 2019 Duration: 24 years, 165 days Key Contributions: Known for his focus on sustainable development and making Sikkim the first organic state in India.

Jyoti Basu (West Bengal)

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Gegong Apang (Arunachal Pradesh)

[{"selector":"#anim-8860dc4b-1e72-434d-8850-f6bd063679c5","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-11deceff-7198-40db-8e3e-b84b265ccd93","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(0px, -844.44413%, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-e2a7fde3-8e4f-4859-9395-896a5148e43d","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-8864d4eb-6d62-4e8f-9798-9fdb82f16610","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(0px, 164.74193%, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-de0600f7-66e9-4ebb-b43f-d01c64d97dd5 [data-leaf-element=\"true\"]","keyframes":{"transform":["translate(2.940176837628002e-15%, 2.6155005186943727e-7%) scale(0.8620689655172413)","translate(0%, 0%) scale(1)"]},"delay":0,"duration":2000,"easing":"cubic-bezier(.3,0,.55,1)","fill":"forwards"}] Tenure: January 18, 1980 - January 19, 1999 & August 3, 2003 - April 9, 2007 Duration: Over 22 years in total Key Contributions: Played a key role in the political stabilization and development of Arunachal Pradesh.

Naveen Patnaik (Odisha)

[{"selector":"#anim-e5d56d6e-43cc-4beb-bf4d-4b72e3b96ba0","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-dd7d12b7-1f89-4c41-8ce2-d4dc4b229383","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(0px, -844.44413%, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-9c614c99-2416-4400-a821-5231ea905e34","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-674dc347-7a43-4ca6-88d7-d4fd7831ac7f","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(0px, 191.94701%, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-53cf99aa-1a0a-4ee2-8502-d9209f75d3e5 [data-leaf-element=\"true\"]","keyframes":{"transform":["translate(-3.269754182258867e-15%, 2.6849385949943457e-7%) scale(0.8849557522123894)","translate(0%, 0%) scale(1)"]},"delay":0,"duration":2000,"easing":"cubic-bezier(.3,0,.55,1)","fill":"forwards"}] Tenure: March 5, 2000 - Present Duration: 24 years (and ongoing) Key Contributions: Known for his clean governance and disaster management strategies.

Lal Thanhawla (Mizoram)

[{"selector":"#anim-6eb59188-ca3e-4d9a-99b5-22af148aaaf1","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-a4e22a6c-3d6a-41de-b011-709dc7543f67","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(0px, -844.44413%, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-c98ff733-fca9-4c13-86e6-0791b25b65e2","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-59d0d332-c995-4d78-afdb-3a5d2cc6c3b3","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(0px, 122.35219%, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-d1762709-32d0-4095-95df-456280ee3110 [data-leaf-element=\"true\"]","keyframes":{"transform":["translate(-3.520119975325265e-15%, 2.783468410623319e-7%) scale(0.9174311926605505)","translate(0%, 0%) scale(1)"]},"delay":0,"duration":2000,"easing":"cubic-bezier(.3,0,.55,1)","fill":"forwards"}] Tenure: May 11, 1984 - December 3, 1988 & December 8, 1993 - December 3, 1998 & December 11, 2008 - December 14, 2018 Duration: Over 21 years in total Key Contributions: Promoted peace and development in Mizoram post-insurgency.

Jyoti Basu (West Bengal)

[{"selector":"#anim-8810cc20-fc82-42b2-b1b7-5b38246cc999","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-edb4ea12-bda0-4309-a979-d2262335d637","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(0px, -844.44413%, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-17eb05f7-1de5-4f57-a91a-2d418dc30965","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-93b278ab-594b-477a-8ede-6c71ebc450d2","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(0px, 164.74193%, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-ac883147-dea7-4bf4-affc-dbaf414b9ca4","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-e76cf3e6-d1e0-4ac4-bce5-b4042bc1636b","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(0px, -844.44413%, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-2619a5e7-6e39-4cdc-9da0-94a7309ce34c","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-eb6f3bd8-87ac-4877-91e2-ea0b4e9d38f1","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(0px, 122.35219%, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-bbce16e0-427c-4e2f-8b43-484dd948b1ee [data-leaf-element=\"true\"]","keyframes":{"transform":["translate(-2.8165657994094058e-15%, 2.7333158669762264e-7%) scale(0.9009009009009009)","translate(0%, 0%) scale(1)"]},"delay":0,"duration":2000,"easing":"cubic-bezier(.3,0,.55,1)","fill":"forwards"}] Tenure: June 21, 1977 - November 6, 2000 Duration: 23 years, 137 days Key Contributions: Implemented land reforms and strengthened the public distribution system in West Bengal. Tenure: February 10, 1969 - January 4, 1976 & January 27, 1989 - January 30, 1991 & May 13, 1996 - May 13, 2001 & May 13, 2006 - May 15, 2011 Duration: Over 19 years in total Key Contributions: Instrumental in Tamil Nadu’s industrial and social development.

Manik Sarkar (Tripura)

[{"selector":"#anim-f7d8312c-9f0f-4a7d-8479-02129846d57c","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-d5f7ca06-3450-4643-b6cd-5955d1d8c475","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(0px, -1516.84629%, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-9c610dd9-30b9-4a03-8aa7-354558ec934c","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-ac8111c0-e162-4c91-a60c-3bbae8b9e8a7","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(0px, 191.94701%, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-91597ce0-621c-49e7-8218-018d372d5d6b [data-leaf-element=\"true\"]","keyframes":{"transform":["translate(-3.269754182258867e-15%, 2.6849385949943457e-7%) scale(0.8849557522123894)","translate(0%, 0%) scale(1)"]},"delay":0,"duration":2000,"easing":"cubic-bezier(.3,0,.55,1)","fill":"forwards"}] Tenure: March 11, 1998 - March 9, 2018 Duration: 20 years Key Contributions: Known for his simple lifestyle and focus on rural development.

Sheila Dikshit (Delhi)

[{"selector":"#anim-d39d681a-3265-4023-9380-bc8d422c58e2","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-1618b140-cd6b-457f-8190-4bd58ea17988","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(0px, -1516.84629%, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-075791e1-0760-4f22-a0cc-54f64fbeecfe","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-6bbf4c79-4817-4d30-aaf4-d059c9192b17","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(0px, 164.74193%, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-1d9e1781-712d-45af-852c-ba95e6e2a6ec [data-leaf-element=\"true\"]","keyframes":{"transform":["translate(4.932693372218877e-15%, 2.5074219883873775e-7%) scale(0.8264462809917356)","translate(0%, 0%) scale(1)"]},"delay":0,"duration":2000,"easing":"cubic-bezier(.3,0,.55,1)","fill":"forwards"}] Tenure: December 3, 1998 - December 28, 2013 Duration: 15 years Key Contributions: Played a pivotal role in transforming Delhi’s infrastructure and public services.

Virbhadra Singh (Himachal Pradesh)

[{"selector":"#anim-a6946630-538c-4274-bfdd-f882197ea27d","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-561a65c2-73c6-4c44-8c09-7b4d1a2c54aa","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(0px, -807.15602%, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-1e539738-8747-4a1a-81d4-bb001440b14a","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-672a755c-48c5-4502-9051-713f26fff12b","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(0px, 136.17570%, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-be1bf4cd-5ed5-4fb0-a0f8-a9f1a607c0a6 [data-leaf-element=\"true\"]","keyframes":{"transform":["translate(2.940176837628002e-15%, 2.6155005186943727e-7%) scale(0.8620689655172413)","translate(0%, 0%) scale(1)"]},"delay":0,"duration":2000,"easing":"cubic-bezier(.3,0,.55,1)","fill":"forwards"}] Tenure: April 8, 1983 - March 5, 1990 & December 3, 1993 - March 23, 1998 & March 6, 2003 - December 30, 2007 & December 25, 2012 - December 27, 2017 Duration: Over 21 years in total Key Contributions: Focused on infrastructure development and tourism promotion in Himachal Pradesh.

Raman Singh (Chhattisgarh)

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Pawan Kumar Chamling (Sikkim)

Jyoti Basu (West Bengal)

Gegong Apang (Arunachal Pradesh)

Naveen Patnaik (Odisha)

Lal Thanhawla (Mizoram)

Jyoti Basu (West Bengal)

M. Karunanidhi (Tamil Nadu)

Manik Sarkar (Tripura)

Sheila Dikshit (Delhi)

Virbhadra Singh (Himachal Pradesh)

Raman Singh (Chhattisgarh)